background in this study, we evaluated the prevalence of the most common mutations occurring in enhancer ii (enhii), basal core promoter (bcp), precore (pc), and core (c) regions of hepatitis b virus (hbv) genome. objectives we also investigated the correlation between hbv variants, their genotypes, and patients’ hbe antigen (hbeag: soluble shape of the capsid antigen) status patients and metho...

Wheat is a crop with spring and winter types and wide adaptability to different climate conditions. The wide adaptability of wheat is mainly controlled by three groups of genetic factors and among them vernalization (VRN) genes play pivotal role in determining spring and winter types. In this study, 395 Iranian wheat landraces were characterized with specific primer pairs designed based on VRN-...

We present a new statistical approach for eukaryotic polymerase II promoter recognition. We apply stochastic segment models in which each state represents a functional part of the promoter. The segments are trained in an unsupervised way. We compare segment models with three and five states with our previous system which modeled the promoters as a whole, i.e. as a single state. Results on the c...

‡Institute of Nephrology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK §Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff Medicentre, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4UJ, UK ¶Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK ||Center for Extracellular Matrix Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Techn...

background: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (pparγ), a member of nuclear receptor superfamily, comprises two isoforms in mouse. these two isoforms are encoded by different mrnas, which are arisen by alternative promoter usage. there are two promoter regions upstream of pparγ gene. a 3 kb fragment, containing several transcription factor binding sites, acts as pparγ1 promoter re...